China's growing might adds urgency to Taiwan arms calls (reuters)

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T cells making brain chemicals may lead to better treatments for inflammation, autoimmune diseases

T cells making brain chemicals may lead to better treatments for inflammation, autoimmune diseases

Friday, September 16, 2011

Scientists have identified a surprising new role for a new type of T cell in the immune system: some of them can be activated by nerves to make a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) that blocks inflammation. The discovery of these T cells is novel and suggests that it may be possible to treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases by targeting the nerves and the T cells. The study was published this week in Science.

"The discovery that 2 percent of T cells can make acetylcholine under the control of nerves gives a new insight into how the nervous system regulates immunity," said Kevin J. Tracey, MD, president and chief executive officer of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and principal investigator of the study. "The arrival of electrical signals from nerves activates these specialized T cells to produce the acetylcholine necessary to block inflammation, and protect against damage. It is possible to transfer these cells to cross-protect mice from inflammation, and to control these T cells by electrically stimulating the nerves directly."

The present study followed years of work from Dr. Tracey's lab that identified the role of the vagus nerve, named for its wandering course from the base of the brain to the liver, spleen and other organs, in blocking inflammation. Applying electrodes to stimulate the vagus nerve blocked the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines that underlie the tissue damage in arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and other syndromes. Stimulating this nerve pathway led to increased production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that binds to the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Activating this receptor on macrophages blocked the release of immune molecules (the cytokines,) suggesting a novel strategy for developing anti-inflammatory agents.

But these results raised an important question because the nerve fibers in spleen release norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter, but not acetylcholine. The search for the cells that produce acetylcholine led these investigators to use "nude" mice, devoid of T cells. Then they examined the spleen cells that make acetylcholine and that led them to a subset of T cells. Transferring these acetylcholine producing T-cells into nude mice restored the vagus nerve circuit that blocked inflammation.

"Our results point to a population of acetylcholine-synthesizing memory T cells in spleen that is integral to the function of the inflammatory reflex, the nerve circuit that regulates inflammation and immunity," said Dr. Tracey. "It is as if these T cells occupy a nerve-like function in this important circuit."

It should be possible to target these T cells and to modulate this neural circuitry to develop therapeutic modalities for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the future, it may be possible to isolate these T cells and exploit their anti-inflammatory activity. In the meantime, there is a more direct route to use this discovery for therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis patients in Europe are being studied in clinical trials where vagus nerve stimulators are implanted and turned on to stimulate this circuit and suppress inflammation.

###

North Shore-Long Island Jewish (LIJ) Health System: http://www.northshorelij.com

Thanks to North Shore-Long Island Jewish (LIJ) Health System for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/113455/T_cells_making_brain_chemicals_may_lead_to_better_treatments_for_inflammation__autoimmune_diseases

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Hollywood's summer of revolution

A still from "Rise of the Planet of the Apes"

Our oppressed underclass rises up and rebels against inhuman treatment -- well, at least in some of Hollywood's biggest current blockbusters.

While Tim Burton?s 2001 "Planet of the Apes" remake didn?t seem to have much on its mind, "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" is far more engaged with the culture of the moment -- as was the original, widely seen as a response to the civil rights movement. It's the only recent American film with even metaphorical relevance to the Arab Spring movement. And it shares some interesting resonance with Tate Taylor?s "The Help" and British director Joe Cornish?s "Attack the Block."

"The Help" falls into a long line of "problem pictures" running from Elia Kazan?s "Gentleman's Agreement" and "Pinky" to Paul Haggis? "Crash." They?ve proven popular with Oscar voters, but while they purport to expose racism and other prejudices, they often subtly reinforce stereotypes in the guise of dismantling them. Whatever their virtues (usually as showcases for actors), such films tend to suffocate on their own earnestness. That can?t be said for "Rise of the Planet of the Apes," which falls into another tradition. It?s no B-movie, but it moves along like one. Its depiction of the fine line between humanity and the animal kingdom owes a lot to George Romero?s "Living Dead" trilogy and David Cronenberg?s films. Genre films benefit from being irresponsible, which I mean in the most positive sense. By talking about animals and monsters rather than speaking more directly about race and class, they have the freedom to escape from received wisdom about the latter subjects.

Scientist Will Rodman (James Franco) injects several chimps with a wonder drug he believes has the potential to cure Alzheimer?s, a disease his father, Charles (John Lithgow), suffers from. He adopts the baby of a chimp named Bright Eyes, who was killed in a rampage through his bosses? offices. Charles names the chimp Caesar. Caesar proves to be quite smart, and Charles, after receiving injections of his son?s drug, recovers from Alzheimer?s. However, this happy state of affairs doesn?t last.

Last month also brought the release of a film dealing directly with the civil rights struggle: "The Help." If "Rise" can be seen as an allegory of the struggles of people of color. "The Help" offers up saintly heroes and easily identifiable villains. No human with any power in "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" is as benign as "The Help?s" white heroine, writer Skeeter (Emma Stone). The African-Americans in "The Help" need her to teach them how to express their anger, with the exception of one maid who serves her former boss a pie made of shit. (The film refers back to this scatological moment obsessively.) It concludes with a fired maid (Viola Davis) deciding to follow in the footsteps of Skeeter, whose book is appropriated from her experience, and become a professional writer, a far cry from the insurrection and mad rush to freedom that close "Rise of the Planet of the Apes." The kindest interpretation one could place on "The Help" is that it depicts the very early beginnings of a revolt.

"Attack the Block" hit American screens a few short weeks ahead of the riots that tore up England. It?s full of the rage underpinning them, sharing a populist skepticism of authority with "Rise of the Planet of the Apes." It shows an alien invasion landing in a housing project laden with drugs and guns, and its main narrative arc shows how its gangsta protagonists, who mug a woman in its opening scenes, swerve from being antiheroes to heroes. To them, aliens may be just one of the Man?s tools against poor people, like crack and the widespread availability of weapons, and the police are more of a threat than protection. The alien invasion brings its characters together across gender and racial barriers as they have to protect themselves. It showcases the vibrant, multiracial but violent British urban culture reflected in grime and dubstep music that is missing from most of the British films Americans get to see. While it deals more bluntly with race and class than "Rise," it uses the metaphor of an alien invasion to address these subjects in fresh ways.

The environmentalism of "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" isn?t particularly new; as critic Manohla Dargis has pointed out, the '70s brought us disaster films about all kinds of mutant animals. What?s different this time around is the frank misanthropy with which Wyatt indulges it. Caesar?s time in a primate center doesn?t seem much different from a particularly run-down jail. Through bars, he?s fed slop that looks like vomit. He gets to see the worst of the human race, and only the most cold-hearted people would side with us. These scenes don?t go as far as the images of real-life experimental chimp Nim Chimpsky in a hepatitis vaccine lab in James Marsh?s documentary "Project Nim" (released earlier this year), but they justify Caesar?s anger. In a key moment, an orangutan tells Caesar (via sign language) "human no like smart ape." The film?s action bears this out.

The original "Planet of the Apes" series cast actors in makeup and costumes. "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" uses elaborate CGI instead. Wyatt seamlessly integrates computer-generated apes into real locations. The film wouldn?t have such pull if there wasn?t an element of recognizable reality behind it. It seems to be taking place in our world, not a distant futuristic construct.

"Rise" never idealizes Will, a nice guy whose actions show the limits of liberal good intentions. Initially, he refuses to take care of Caesar and only does so when told that the chimp will be killed otherwise. The two develop a real bond, and the first third of the film is genuinely sweet. However, after Caesar attacks a neighbor arguing with Charles, Will is forced to send Caesar to a primate center. He makes empty promises to free him. By the time he?s finally in a position to do so, Caesar prefers the company of ape society. Worst of all, Will?s "wonder drug" turns out to be deadly to people.

As of the time of this writing, "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" has grossed $160 million in the U.S. It?s gotten mainstream audiences to embrace a startling degree of schadenfreude, cheering on the demise of their on-screen counterparts. It encourages the spectator to recognize that if another intelligent species were to emerge, they would be horrified by our treatment of animals. No doubt some of the film?s audience would reject such an argument if it were stated directly by an animal rights activist or environmentalist, but the filter of metaphor makes it far more palatable. "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" ends with a successful rebellion of the apes, hinting at a full-fledged revolution to come in the sequel. Could Hollywood -- or even Indiewood -- imagine such an uprising with people in place of apes? You might have to turn to the Egyptian documentary "Tahrir," about to play the fall film festivals, for its real-life equivalent.

Source: http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/2011/09/14/blockbuster_summer_underclass/index.html

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Fundamental Chula Vista ... - Knowledge About Home Improvement

Electrical basic safety is of higher importance for the two the house proprietor and the landlord. All residence owners should be informed of any issues in their property that can right away worry the security of ones self or his or hers family members. Land lords as well ought to be informed of the hazards of faulty or poor top quality electrical techniques that may have been carried out by untrained or untrained people or men and women. It is very proposed for all individuals involved to have their electrical systems examined sometimes in order to detect any underlying troubles that could possibly be unsafe to on their own, their families or any person who is vacating the property involved.

A lot of private harm and decline of personalized possessions can be attributed to electrical fires that happen in the home due to faulty electrical installations. The two primary sorts of accidents related with defective electrical circuitry are electrical shocks and fires. Electrical shocks are fairly infrequent but they even now can occur, a good deal of the accidents have been connected with persons who have been carrying out perform on the electrical set up possibly correcting or altering a circuit. Most of the incidents are normally due to shear incompetence by the particular person that is carrying out the electrical operate. Typical perception really should be utilized to the circumstance, the circuit really should be switched off from the consumer unit, ahead of any operate is carried out on the circuit. A secondary test of the circuit ought to also be carried out making use of a ideal electrical check meter to see if the circuit is in fact totally lifeless. These simple actions could stop any personal from finding an electrical shock, which dependent on the conditions could be deadly.

Other varieties of electrical shock can occur from coming into get in touch with with subjected metallic areas that have turn out to be dwell by way of a fault with one of the electrical cables in the home. The metal areas in question could be radiators, taps and uncovered pipe operate. If a live cable comes into speak to with any metallic aspect that is linked with the gasoline or water pipes in your home then there is a genuine danger of death or critical injuries if you come in to speak to with 1 of these aspects. Once more this is quite unusual but incidents have happened in the earlier. It is advisable to have a competent electrician to evaluate your house to confirm the appropriate earth cables are is in spot. The earth wires are a chain of wires that attach all the bared metallic areas in your residence to the earth terminal of your mains supply. If the earth cables are in location and a fault dose arise then the reside latest will flow harmlessly to earth, hence staying away from any hurt to the occupants of the residence. If you are in doubt about the earth preparations in your property then cellphone a nearby electrician to check out it for you.

Being a electrical technician implies attending to many calls on a regular basis. Chula Vista Electrical are continuously able to provide 1st class electrical services, even on very short notice. Equipped with professional plumbing gear, our technicians tackle both home and commercial electrical difficulties.

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1. The Ottawa common contractor?s honesty & amp integrity
2. If you want security, choose a bed in dim light

Source: http://www.joomlaforumu.com/fundamental-chula-vista-electrical-security/

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Least And Most Successful Ways To Look ... - Job Search Techniques

Whilst various job search techniques work for various men and women, there are some methods that offer higher success than other people. The unfortunate factor is that numerous job seekers tend to invest too much time/effort on the less productive methods.

Below is a list of the least prosperous ways to look for a job. These percentages refer to the number of folks out of every single 100, who locate a job using only that method.

1) Web job postings: 4 to 10%

2) Mailing out resumes to firms: 7%

three) Answering ads in professional/trade journals: 7%

4) Local newspaper ads: 5-24%

5) Head-hunters, employment agencies, search firms: 5-28%

As you can see, quite a few of the approaches folks commonly turn to, do not produce the best outcomes. Using a mixture of approaches would obviously improve the success rate; even so, the improve would not be very substantial. As a result, it is important to realise that your time spent searching for a job in these methods ought to be limited.

Organizations are often hiring, even throughout a recession. Even so, there will be fewer jobs throughout a bear marketplace and the competition for these positions will be more intense. In such a scenario, it is only sensible to use job search tactics which provide the maximum success rate. This is specifically so, if you have limited quantity of time and resources at your disposal.

So what are the most successful methods for conducting a job search? They are mentioned below. These percentages refer to the number of folks out of each and every 100, who come across a job utilizing only that approach.

1)??? Job leads from friends, colleagues and other contacts: 33%

2)??? Directly approaching an employer (hiring manager) that interests you in-person or over the phone: 47-60%

These methods are definitely more effective as compared to some of the tactics we listed in the article ?Least successful ways to look for a job?. Nonetheless, the real benefit comes from using an integrated approach, which is by far the most efficient way to look for a job. The success rate improves significantly to ~85% by utilizing this approach:

Step 1: Career discovery

Step 2: Prepare a personal advertising plan

Step 3: Use proactive job search tactics, personal contacts?and networking to reach folks who have the power to hire you

Source: http://www.aftertoomany.org/least-and-most-successful-ways-to-look-for-a-job.htm

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Steps To Improve Your RSS Subscriptions | Topics Info | Internet and ...

Traffic generation can use up a lot of time depending on your method, and one easy approach to helping you do that is by promoting your RSS feed. That?s why we want to share with you three great strategies to help you get more subscribers to your RSS feeds.
There are different kinds of tools you can use to encourage people to subscribe to your RSS feed. But we want to zone-in on one particular tool, and that is the MyBlogLog Widget. It?s purpose is to increase subscribers to your feeds. A lot of times we can have desirable by simply asking people to do something. They might not be considering the subscription option or chances are they?re not even using an RSS feed reader. When you ask them to subscribe, you?re simply reminding them of an easy way to subscribe and stay updated. By using the MyBlogLog widget, you?ll be able to track who is visiting your blog and send them targeted messages requesting them to subscribe to your RSS feed.
Using this widget, you?ll be able to see in your blog?s sidebar as to who the visitors are. You can then click on their avatar and shoot them a message thanking them to visit your blog and ask them to subscribe to your RSS feed by giving them a link. There are also other widgets that do the same thing, such as, Bumpzee and BlogCatalog. Go for the one that you?re comfortable with but do make use of this tactic because it will really help you convert your visitors to subscribers. People that want eyesight modification and thus have a tough time looking over this piece of writing, get yourself a pair or two of clic reading glasses which may help you read with crisp vision.
You can implement what?s called the ?ethical bribe? which is an enticement to subscribe to your RSS feed. Internet marketers have been giving away free stuff like a valuable ebook or a report in order to get people to subscribe to their email list. Why not do the same with your RSS feed? Offer your readers a strong incentive if they subscribe to your feed. This is a sure shot way to get quality subscribers that are actually interested in getting updates from you.
Last but not the least; one of your priorities should be to make it easy for your visitors to subscribe to your RSS feed. Therefore, place an RSS button at the end of each of your articles and ask your readers to subscribe. Your reader is more likely going to turn into a subscriber when he/she reads your quality article and wants to have more. You can over-deliver as much as possible, and try to engage your audience; all of those activities will help you.
You can work to build your RSS feed subscriptions, and it isn?t hard but you have to work at it.

Source: http://www.topics-info.com/internet-businesses-online/steps-to-improve-your-rss-subscriptions

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Yale brings back Air Force ROTC after long absence (AP)

HARTFORD, Conn. ? The Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps is coming back to Yale University under an agreement signed Monday, joining the Naval ROTC in returning to the Ivy League campus after a decades-long absence.

Yale had been among other prominent universities without ROTC programs until May, when it agreed to bring back the Naval ROTC after Congress voted to allow gays to serve openly in the military.

The Air Force and Naval detachments are both expected to open at the New Haven campus in the fall of 2012.

Secretary of the Air Force Michael Donley and Yale President Richard Levin signed the agreement establishing the Air Force ROTC detachment. It will enroll cadets from Yale as well as other Connecticut universities that participate in cross-town arrangements.

"Yale students will make great contributions to the Air Force, as they do in whatever career they choose. I am pleased that the Air Force has taken this important step to make it easier for the most talented young men and women who aspire to leadership in our military to gain a Yale education. In my view both the military and Yale will benefit from this relationship," Levin said.

Some Yale students have been involved with ROTC, but they have attended training at other colleges. Earlier this year, two Yale graduates who took Air Force ROTC classes at the University of Connecticut were commissioned as second lieutenants.

The ROTC left prominent universities amid anti-Vietnam War sentiment in the 1960s. Colleges more recently kept it off campus because of the military's policy on gays, which the colleges considered discriminatory. Congress repealed the so-called "don't ask, don't tell" policy in December.

The university said votes by the Yale College faculty on May 5 paved the way for the re-establishment of ROTC on campus, and the university's governing board voted its approval on May 24. Yale also took a survey of undergraduates last year that found "an overwhelming majority" supported having ROTC on campus.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/education/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110912/ap_on_re_us/us_yale_rotc

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